Ancient native boys genome reignites debate over first. Therefore, no dna can be directly assessed to determine the nature and extent of the association of these two groups. The solutrean hypothesis, simply stated, holds that eastern north america was first peopled during the last glacial maximum lgm by hunters originating from presentday northern spain and we recognize that the idea that clovis may have had a european ancestor is not new, but in view of recent advances we disallow the conclusion that it has. Boulanger, mark collard, briggs buchanan, lia tarle, lawrence g. A view from the ocean kieran w estley 1,2, and justin dix 3 abstract one current hypothesis for the pleistocene peopling of. The hypothesis is challenged by large gaps in time between the clovis culture and solutrean eras, a lack of evidence of solutrean seafaring, lack of specific solutrean features and tools in clovis technology, the difficulties of the route, and other issues. This hypothesis contrasts with the mainstream view that the north american continent was first reached after the last glacial maximum. Animal carvings similar to solutrean have also been found.
Clicking on the link downloads a pdf or opens it in your browser does mitochondrial haplogroup x indicate ancient transatlantic migration to the americas. In fact, there is genetic evidence that only the solutrean hypothesis explains. Holmstrom and kaplan 2001 among others, describe the merger waves in the 1980s and 1990s. The partial skeleton of the 1yearold boy, called anzick1, was discovered when a. The solutrean hypothesis the alternative hypothesis. The solutrean hypothesis episode 31 pseudoarchaeology. The solutrean hypothesis was plain old wishful thinking on the part of mainstream white america, and never had any real solid proof, just pure emotion and faith, that europeans were capable of anything even crossing a cold and stormy 6,000 mile ocean in a small canoe. This hypothesis has received numerous critiques, but little objective testing, either of cultural or genetic evidence. Lacking any firm evidence, the hypothesis died a quick death. The oldest wellcharacterised archaeological culture in america is the clovis culture. Testing hubris hypothesis of mergers and acquisitions. You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features.
Like many canadians my age, i grew up watching the nature of things on cbc. It appears around 11,50011,000 uncalibrated rcybp at the end of the last glacial period, and is characterized by the manufacture of clovis points and distinctive bone. The proposed problem is a lack of satisfactory evidence for a clovis progenitor in northeast asia or beringia. This hypothesis has received numerous critiques, but little objective. The solutrean hypothesis of the first peoples to inhabit north america is getting positively respectable to the point that the washington post has deigned to publish a longish article on the topic radical theory of first americans places stone age europeans in delmarva 20,000 years ago. Across atlantic iceis an account of two complex and treacherous journeys, one long ago and the other very recent. Follow as two archaeologists combine oldfashioned excavations with exciting new dna testing to prove their theory, answer their critics, and rewrite the history books. A north american perspective on the volgu biface cache. Preclovis culture rock tools and carvings, dated 1126,000 years ago, are found concentrated along the eastern u. New challenges to clovisfirst in the second half of the 20th century, new challenges to the clovisfirst theory began to undermine archaeologys traditional view of ancient america.
The solutrean migration it was deemed the explorers would have originated in spain, france and portugal. Solutreanclovis connection in american colonization. According to khan 2004 and sherman and hart 2006, a merger is a combination of two or three firms in which the assets and. This week, darrin lowery responded to questions raised about the circumstances of the discovery of the cinmar biface, a bipointed stone tool that resembles, at least superficially, artifacts made and used by the solutrean peoples of upper paleolithic europe. Moore, university of south carolina southeastern archaeologythis scientific treatise. Bradley and stanford, 2004, the solutrean hypothesis is presented as a solution to a problem. Dna evidence linking american indians to europeans there are no known human remains of the european solutreans or clovis culture in north america. In the novel, which is entitled white apocalypse, a rogue anthropologist teams up with a proponent of the solutrean hypothesis and a fiery lawyer in order to reveal to the world the shocking truth that carries immense cultural, political, and racial significance. New novel promotes solutrean hypothesis national vanguard. Last week, i started seeing online chatter about the upcoming episode ice bridge, about the socalled solutrean hypothesis, that the first occupants of the americas followed the ice edge from western europe to the midatlantic region of what is now the u. A member of a hypothetical paleolithic people who migrated from europe to north america in the context of the widely rejected solutrean hypothesis 2018 historically speaking. The nature of things builds an ice bridge to nowhere. Morphological and archaeological studies suggest that the americas were first occupied by nonmongoloids with australomelanesian traits the paleoamerican hypothesis, which was subsequently followed by southwest europeans coming in along the pack ice of the north atlantic ocean the solutrean hypothesis and by east asians and siberians arriving by. The authors identify a suite of attributes that should be expected in.
The signature haplogroup for europeans is haplogroup u, which doesnt exist anywhere in genetic studies of. Bruce bradley and dennis stanford, proponents of the solutrean hypothesis, base it on the claim that the north american clovis stone spear points are the technological descendants of a subset of those made by the upper paleolithic southwestern european solutrean peoples. In across atlantic ice and in earlier publications stanford and bradley, 2002. The controversial solutrean hypothesis proposed in 1999 by smithsonian archaeologist dennis stanford and colleague bruce bradley stanford and bradley 2002, suggests that the clovis people could have inherited technology from the solutrean people who lived in southern europe 21,00015,000 years ago, and who created the first stone age artwork in presentday southern. The clovis culture is a prehistoric paleoamerican culture, named for distinct stone tools found in close association with pleistocene fauna at blackwater locality no. The solutrean hypothesis, first put forward in the 1930s and revived more recently by dennis j. Discussions about bruce bradlys and dennis stanfords solutrean clovis hypothesis.
The word solutrean is derived from a place in eastern france, solutrepouilly, where in 1866 and afterwards the archeologist henry testotferry unearthed the bones of reindeer, elephants. Genetic study kills off solutrean hypothesis ive blogged before about the woebegone solutrean hypothesis, and im happy to say that it is now dead. Some people believe that the first peoples of the americas were the solutreans, a stone age people from france and spain who existed around 25 kya, and ended 16,500 ya. The solutrean hypothesis for the origin of the clovis archaeological culture contends that people came from southwestern europe to north america during the last glacial maximum. The solutrean hypothesis on the peopling of the americas claims that the earliest human migration to the americas took place from europe, during the last glacial maximum.
The solutrean hypothesis is trapped on all sides technological parallels between clovis and solutrean are overstated, a transatlantic crossing is hard to fathom or prove, clovis mtdna has east eurasian affinities, clovis autosomal dna has south american affinities, prelgm south siberian dna has west eurasian affinities making a direct. This idea has its roots in the 19thcentury when archaeologists such as cc abbott postulated that the americas had been. The solutreanclovis connection more formally known as the north atlantic iceedge corridor hypothesis is one theory of the peopling of the american continents that suggest that the upper paleolithic solutrean culture is ancestral to clovis. The point was reportedly dredged up in 1970 by a scallop boat named the cinmar hence the name operating. They would have had to cross 3000 miles of ice and water, does that seem possible. Is it possible that ice age people succeeded in crossing the frozen atlantic ocean to north america, thousands of years before the vikings and columbus. Im seeing a subject, let me know if you have further trouble. One is postulated to have occurred across a perilous mosaic of periglacial environments of the northern hemisphere during the peak of the last major glaciation some eighteen or twenty millennia ago. U s history i to 1865 section 10g flashcards quizlet. Variance in temporalspatial cultural patterns, 27,000,000 cal yr bp pdf download available.
For those interested, here is some reading material on preclovis evidence in north america, some of which relates to the solutrean theory. Stanford and bradleys solutrean hypothesis will stimulate additional research and discoveries in the coming decades, and for that we are grateful. A view from the ocean kieran westley 1,2, and justin dix3 abstract one current hypothesis for the pleistocene peopling of the americas invokes a dispersal by european hunter gatherers along a biologically productive corridor situated on the edge of the seaice that. Surprising news about the solutrean hypothesis should give. Now before talking about the solutrean hypothesis, you must first realize that the solutreans were not modern europeans. Just like afrocentrists have cockamamie theories, so do eurocentrists.
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